GPT-4 as an AI Chatbot for Medicine: Benefits, Limits, and Risks
The global Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market size was valued at USD 19.54 billion in 2023. The market is projected to grow from USD 27.69 billion in 2024 to USD 490.96 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 43.2% during the forecast period ( source ). The uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine have been growing in many areas, including in the analysis of medical images, (1) the detection of drug interactions, (2) the identification of high-risk patients, (3) and the coding of medical notes. (4) Several such uses of AI are the topics of the “AI in Medicine” review article series that debuts in this issue of the Journal. Here we describe another type of AI, the medical AI chatbot. AI Chatbot Technology A chatbot consists of two main components: a general-purpose AI system and a chat interface. This article considers specifically an AI system called GPT-4 (Generative Pretrained Transformer 4) with a chat interface; this system is wid