COVID-19 Treatment: Real Time Analysis of more than 600 Studies (updated May 2021)

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -

This review article explores a superbly designed, highly navigable website that has continuously updated the evidence-based research on early COVID-19 treatments since June 2020. The website is so exhaustively comprehensive that it could be considered a journal in itself, produced by a team of competent, committed editors.

Although this singular resource site has been developed and posted anonymously, one observer commented on Reddit, “It doesn’t really matter who built it, imo. All studies are referenced/linked.”

The Website Itself: The Home Page is at c19early.com

The studies for Covid’s evidence-based early treatments are divided into sections: Ivermectin, Vitamin D, Hydroxychloroquine, Vitamin C, Zinc and more.

Methods and Study Results

Ongoing searches of PubMed, medRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Collabovid, Research Square, ScienceDirect, Oxford University Press, the reference lists of other studies and meta-analyses. The site is updated regularly.

Here's the list of the most promising early treatments for COVID-19.

Ivermectin

Summary of Evidence

The site maintains an updated list of ivermectin COVID-19 treatment studies and outcomes, divided into prophylaxis, early treatment and late treatment results; complete with links and abstracts.


Hydroxychloroquine


A global list of hydroxychloroquine Covid-19 treatment studies and outcomes, divided into early treatment and late treatment results, and complete with links and abstracts, is available at https://hcqmeta.com/. The HCQ data alone can be downloaded as a pdf (more than 200 pages).

Vitamin D

The project has kept up with the encouraging work on Vitamin D and COVID-19. 


To view the updated and detailed list of vitamin D and COVID-19 studies, check out c19vitamind.com.

Proxalutamide


March 10, 2021: Late Cadegiani et al., Press Conference (Preprint) death, ↓91.4%, p<0.0001 The Proxa-Rescue AndroCoV Trial
RCT 590 hospitalized patients, 294 treated with proxalutamide showing significantly lower mortality and faster recovery.

Feb 22, 2021: Early Cadegiani et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.13492 (Peer Reviewed) viral+, ↓92.1%, p<0.0001 Proxalutamide Significantly Accelerates Viral Clearance and Reduces Time to Clinical Remission in Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
RCT 234 mild-moderate COVID-19 patients with 171 treated with proxalutamide, showing significantly faster viral clearance and recovery.

Dec30, 2021: Early Cadegiani et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-135303/v1 (Preprint) death, ↓81.1%, p=0.22 Proxalutamide (GT0918) Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization and Death in COVID-19 Male Patients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial
RCT 214 male patients in Brazil, 114 treated with proxalutamide, showing significantly lower hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. NCT04446429.

Fluvoxamine


Apr 20, 2021
Review - Sukhatme et al., Front. Pharmacol., doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.652688 (Review) (Peer Reviewed)reviewFluvoxamine: A Review of Its Mechanism of Action and Its Role in COVID-19. Review of mechanisms of action of fluvoxamine and other SSRIs that could be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment, including lower platelet aggregation, decreased mast cell degranulation, interference with endolysosomal viral trafficking, reg..

Mar 6, 2021
Review - Kirsch, S. (Review) (Preprint)reviewCOVID FAQCOVID FAQ from the founder of the COVID-19 Early Treatment Fund [1], including an extensive analysis of the fluvoxamine trials and other supporting evidence.

Feb 1, 2021
Early - Seftel et al., Open Forum Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab050 (Peer Reviewed)death/ICU, ↓83.9%, p=0.15Prospective cohort of fluvoxamine for early treatment of COVID-19Prospective quasi-randomized (patient choice) study with 125 outpatients, 77 treated with fluvoxamine, showing lower death/ICU admission (0 of 77 vs. 2 of 48), lower hospitalization (0 of 77 vs. 6 of 48), and faster recovery with treatment

Nov 12, 2021
Early - Lenze et al., JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22760 (Peer Reviewed)progression, ↓92.7%, p=0.009Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical TrialRCT 152 outpatients, 80 treated with fluvoxamine showing lower progression with treatment (0 of 80 versus 6 of 72 control).

Aug 17, 2021
Late - Hoertel et al., Molecular Psychiatry, doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01021-4 (Peer Reviewed)Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational studyRetrospective 7,230 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in France, 345 receiving an antidepressant medication within 48 hours of admission. There was a significant association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death ..

Povidone-Iodine


2021 Povidone-Iodine Studies

Apr 14, 2021: PEP - Seet et al., International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035 (Peer Reviewed) severe case, ↓44.7%, p=0.05 Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: an open-label randomized trial
Prophylaxis RCT in Singapore with 3,037 low risk patients, showing lower serious cases, lower symptomatic cases, and lower confirmed cases of COVID-19 with all treatments (ivermectin, HCQ, PVP-I, and Zinc + vitamin C) compared to vitamin ..

Mar 17, 2021: Early - Elzein et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.21252302 (Preprint) In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2
Small RCT comparing mouthwashing with PVP-I, Chlorhexidine, and water, showing both PVP-I and Chlorhexidine were effective, with PVP-I increasing Ct by a mean of 4.45 (p < 0.0001) and Chlorhexidine by a mean of 5.69 (p < 0.0001), compared..

Mar 15, 2021: Review - Chopra et al., Japanese Dental Science Review, doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.001 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) review Can povidone Iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update
Review discussing the rationale, safety, recommendations, and dosage of PVP-I gargle/mouthwash as an effective method to decrease the viral load of SARS-CoV-2.

Mar 1, 2021: In Vitro - Xu et al., Pathogens, doi:10.3390/pathogens10030272 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) in vitro Differential Effects of Antiseptic Mouth Rinses on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity In Vitro. In Vitro study showing that PVP-I and other mouthwashes inactivated replication-competent SARS-CoV-2.

Mar 1, 2021: Early - Jayaraman et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.02.25.21252488 (Preprint) Povidone iodine, hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine mouthwashes reduce SARS-CoV2 burden in whole mouth fluid and respiratory droplets
Study of SARS-CoV2 burden in whole mouth fluid and respiratory droplets with povidone iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in 36 hospitalized COVID-19 patients using PCR and rapid antigen testing. There were significan..

Feb 4, 2021: Early - Guenezan et al., JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.5490 (Peer Reviewed) viral load, ↓63.2%, p=0.25 Povidone Iodine Mouthwash, Gargle, and Nasal Spray to Reduce Nasopharyngeal Viral Load in Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial
RCT of PCR+ patients with Ct<=20 with 12 treatment and 12 control patients, concluding that nasopharyngeal decolonization may reduce the carriage of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in adults with mild to moderate COVID-19. All patients but 1 had ne..

Feb 1, 2021: In Vitro - Tucker et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.01.31.426979 (Preprint) (In Vitro) in vitro In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with 0.5% povidone iodine nasal spray (Nasodine) at clinically relevant concentrations and timeframes using tissue culture and PCR based assays
In Vitro study showing that PVP-I eliminated the viability of SARS-CoV-2 with short exposure times. Authors find that PCR alone may not be adequate for viral quantification and recommend incorporating cell culture to assess viral viability.

Jan 3, 2021: Early - Khan et al., American Journal of Otolaryngology, doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102880 (Peer Reviewed) Tolerability and usability of 0.5% PVP-I gargles and nasal drops in 6692 patients: Observational study
Study of the use of PVP-I gargles and nasal drops before and after ENT examinations with a total of 6,692 patients, finding high usability and good tolerance for


UPDATE: COVID-19 is a highly dynamic topic. Please refer to the latest FLCCC protocol (April 26, 2021 version) for treatment recommendations.

RELATED: 

Comments

Post a Comment

Labels

Show more

Popular posts from this blog

10 Best Vitamin C Serums Recommended by Dermatologists 2025

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
Vitamin C serum is a serum containing vitamin C that you can apply on your skin. This vitamin is vital for skin growth and repair. It helps with collagen production too. Make up can cover blemishes but the best vitamin C serums can resolve what you’re trying to cover up in the first place! All it takes is a few drops once a day to lighten blemishes, hyper pigmentation, acne scars, the start of wrinkles, dull skin, etc. Vitamin C serum has a wide array of benefits, and most of them are what we have been hoping for our skin. Even skin tone, blur fine lines, remove acne spots, and achieve a natural glow. Among all other skincare ingredients and products marketed these days, Vitamin C is simply the queen of them all. No wonder so many dermatologists and beauty experts rave about incorporating vitamin C into your regime. Related: Best Anti Aging Skincare Hong Kong According to the  Indian Dermatology Online Journal , clinical studies have shown that the topical use of vitamin C increase...
Read more

10 Best Vitamin C Serums for Brighter Skin 2024

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
Vitamin C is an antioxidant which protects skin cells from damaging free radicals caused by UV exposure. It also helps lighten hyperpigmentation and brown spots, even out skin tone, and enhance skin radiance. Best Vitamin C Serums for Brighter Skin  1. Eva Naturals Skin Clearing Serum Vitamin C+, 30ml Buy on Amazon Ratings : 4.3 out of 5 - more than 57,000 global ratings. Key ingredients: 2% Retinol, 3.5% Niacinamide, 5% Hyaluronic Acid, 2% Salicylic Acid, 10% MSM, 20% Vitamin C. The Derm Review Eva Naturals is a boutique cosmetics company known for its Vitamin C Plus Skin Clearing Serum. This serum is Amazon’s best-selling formula in the facial oil category, with over 16,000 glowing 5-star reviews from customers who have seen impressive results. The serum contains a blend of vitamin C, turmeric, vitamin E, and ferulic acid. It’s designed to combat acne, soothe troubled skin, and reduce blemishes. However, if you have highly sensitive skin prone to acne breakouts...
Read more

9 Best Anti Aging Skincare Hong Kong 2025

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
It’s natural to have complex feelings about noticing signs of aging. You can embrace the beauty and privilege that it is to age, while also not love all of the physical changes that come along with it.  If you’d like to soften these signs but don’t want to go the injectables route, there are non-invasive products that can help. In the world of beauty products, there's perhaps no category more saturated than the anti-aging market. What to Look for in an Anti-Aging Product a. Vitamin C An antioxidant powerhouse, vitamin C is directly involved with collagen production in the body. Vitamin C is beneficial in anti-aging products for several reasons: It protects skin from environmental stressors, promotes cell turnover, and can fade dark spots which contribute to the appearance of aging skin. Products containing vitamin C can irritate sensitive skin, so be sure to start out using a low concentration if your skin is reactive. b. Retinoids Retinoids are a category of ingredients, and retin...
Read more

10 Best Cosmeceutical Ingredients of 2024

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
A cosmeceutical is essentially a skincare product that contains a biologically active compound that is thought to have pharmaceutical effects on the skin. Both pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical grade skin care products actively effect skin at a cellular level, whereas cosmetic products have a shorter-term effect. They are usually used by doctors to restore pH, remove pigmentation, or restore the skin barrier. Cosmeceuticals must scientifically verify the claims stated on their packaging; as it is accepted that these formulations are backed by science, clinical studies, and rigorous testing. The main areas of concerns that these formulations address are ageing skin, sensitive/sensitized skin, sun damaged skin, acne/oily skin, loss of tone and elasticity, as well as superficial lines & wrinkles to encourage rapid cellular turnover that will renew and re-texturize the skin. Peptides composed of chains of amino acids give proteins their structure, and transport nutrients and signal mess...
Read more

8 Best Vitamin C Serums for Hyperpigmentation 2024

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
Vitamin C serums are serums that contain vitamin C which you can apply on your skin. These serums have a wide array of benefits. They help even skin tone, blur fine lines, remove acne spots, and achieve a natural glow. They are also vital for skin growth and repair. They help with collagen production too. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the global pigmentation disorders treatment market, which was USD 6.5 billion in 2022, would rocket up to USD 12.3 billion by 2030 and is expected to undergo a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 7.30 % during the forecast period. Reasons for this growth include increased spending on personal care products and a growing prevalence of skin disorders — many of which are due to global warming. Additional reasons for the worldwide market boost include high disposable income, increasing adoption of smoking in young adults, and growing demand from millennials. How Does Vitamin C Treat Hyperpigmentation? ...
Read more

8 Best Vitamin D3 and K2 Supplements 2025: Benefits, Reviews and Prices

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
Most people in the United States consume less than recommended amounts of vitamin D . An analysis of data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that average daily vitamin D intakes from foods and beverages were 4.3 mcg in men, 3.8 mcg in women, and 5 mcg (200 IU) in children aged 2–19 years ( NHANES 2017 - 2018 ). What Is Vitamin D? Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning that it dissolves in fats and oils and can be stored in your body for a long time. Vitamin D is important to the body in many ways. It helps the body absorb calcium from food and supplements. Muscles need it to move, for example, nerves need it to carry messages between the brain and every body part, and the immune system needs vitamin D to fight off invading bacteria and viruses. Together with calcium, vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis. Vitamin D is found in cells throughout the body. Vitamin D Market Size The Global Vitamin D Market size was ...
Read more

Biggest Skin-Care Trends of 2024 - Allure

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
Exosomes, neurocosmetics, and supercharged actives are the most innovative — and sometimes the most controversial — skin-care trends poised to revolutionize beauty in the next few years. We pored over the data and talked with experts to give you a snapshot of the top skin-care trends of 2024. Regenerative medicine will inspire your skin care. This year skin care won’t focus solely on addressing the signs of aging; it’s going to try to make cells behave younger, says Steven Cohen , MD, a board-certified plastic surgeon in San Diego. As with so many skin-care trends that have come before, this one is rooted in medicine — in this case, regenerative medicine, which is centered on developing and applying therapies to help the body heal itself. For example, stem cells — those biological blank slates that can turn into new skin, cartilage, or bone — are currently used in oncology to help the body produce new blood cells after high doses of chemotherapy. Again, this may sound like sci-fi (a t...
Read more

8 Best Eye Creams for Dark Circles Hong Kong 2024

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
Dark circles is a common cosmetic concerns that can make us look tired, stressed, and older than our actual age. They are distinguished by coloring or pigmentation around the eyes. Many factors, such as genetics, aging, lifestyle choices, underlying medical conditions, and UV exposure, can contribute to the development of dark circles.  There are several home remedies available to reduce the appearance of dark circles, however, it may not be practical for individuals with busy lifestyles since it often requires time and effort to prepare and apply. Therefore, the cream can be the best option! What Causes Dark Undereye Circles? - by Popsugar.co The skin around our eyes is thinner and a lot more delicate, making it more susceptible to external aggressors and damage.  "The eyelids are very vascular, and the eyelid skin is very thin; this will make them more apparent under the eyelid skin and cause the appearance of dark circles," Miss Elizabeth Hawkes, consultant ophthalmic and...
Read more

Fenbendazole Joe Tippens Protocol: A Step-by-Step Guide

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
If you have been diagnosed with cancer, or have a loved one that is suffering from cancer, chances are you have heard about the Joe Tippens Cancer Protocol. The Fenbendazole Cancer Protocol has been gaining rapid interest over the past years following some fenbendazole advanced cancer success stories. Joe Tippens founded the protocol after he was told a story about a scientist at Merck Animal Health that had been performing cancer research on mice. The research included injecting different types of cancers into different mice body parts. The scientists discovered, through trial and error, a product in their canine product line, fenbendazole, that was batting 1.000 in killing these different cancers in the mice. The scientist was later diagnosed with stage 4 brain cancer and was given a grim prognosis of only three months to live. She decided to try the fenbendazole, and after six weeks, showed a clean scan. Joe Tippens had been initially diagnosed with small...
Read more

6 Best Organic Vitamin D3 and K2 Supplements 2025

By Dr Frank Yap, MD -
Image
In recent weeks and months, several publications and studies have suggested that maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D would seem potentially beneficial in fighting the COVID-19 infection. How do you know that your vitamin D level is adequate? Most people in the United States consume less than recommended amounts of vitamin D. An analysis of data from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that average daily vitamin D intakes from foods and beverages were 5.1 mcg (204 IU) in men, 4.2 mcg (168 IU) in women, and 4.9 mcg (196 IU) in children aged 2–19 years ( NHANES ). What Is Vitamin D? Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning that it dissolves in fats and oils and can be stored in your body for a long time. Vitamin D is important to the body in many ways. It helps the body absorb calcium from food and supplements. Muscles need it to move, for example, nerves need it to carry messages between the brain and every body part, and the immune syste...
Read more

Archive

Show more